Lessons
-
Introduction
-
SEO
- Broken links
- Site map
- Semantic markup
- Robots.txt
- References
- Text
- Duplicates
- Basic
- Pictures
-
Speed
-
Minification
-
Minification of CSS to reduce its volume
Minification of the embedded JavaScript code of the page
Minification of the embedded CSS code of the page
Minification of images without loss of quality
Minification of JavaScript files to reduce its volume
Unused CSS code
Data optimization:Image URLs
Animated image format MP4, WEBM, SVG instead of GIF and WEBP
Unused JavaScript code
Using the WebP format in images
Too high-quality images without using compression
Suitable video bitrate
-
Reducing requests
-
An overabundance of small pictures
Grouping CSS files
Grouping JavaScript files
An overabundance of font files
Availability of end-to-end CSS, JS files
The presence of a monochrome font
Uploading duplicate files
Using JavaScript facades
Redirecting JavaScript code
Adding lazy loading
Redirect from/to www version
- Fonts
- Loading time
- Server Settings
- Pictures
-
The first content
-
The sequence of connecting JavaScript files
Font display mode
Setting up a pre-connection
Removing lazy loading
Long JavaScript code execution time
File upload delayed or on demand
The server is located in the same country where the users of the site live
No requests to another country that cause page loading to be blocked
-
Minification
-
Mobility
-
Screen support
-
Adapting the layout to a Full HD computer monitor
Adapting the layout for a horizontal tablet
Adapting the layout for a horizontal phone
Screenshots for the mini-report
How blocks break the page layout
Adapting the layout to an HD computer monitor
Adapting the layout for a vertical tablet
Adapting the layout for a vertical phone
- Comfort
-
Screen support
- Bugs
-
Convenience
- Social networks
- Web Application Manifest
- Favicons
- Basic
- Text readability
-
Vulnerabilities
- Encrypted connection
- Exploits
- Vulnerabilities
Grouping CSS files
To download a file, the browser spends time on service operations: establishing a connection, sending a request, receiving a response, closing a connection. This time is constant and does not depend on the speed of the Internet connection. For example, with a very fast Internet connection, it will take 1 millisecond to download the contents of the file, and up to 100 for service operations. The execution time of service operations depends on the network latency — ping, and not on the speed of the Internet connection.
To speed up the site, programmers group many small CSS files into one large one. There are plugins that automatically group files.
For one page, it is acceptable to use no more than 3 CSS files.
Why enabling grouping can break a site
The reason may be a change in the order in which CSS files are connected. For example, your my_style.css file was connected inside the body tag after some inline code. Then, after enabling grouping, the files were merged into 1 and began to be connected in the head section. It turns out that the styles in the inline code have become a higher priority, because they follow the styles from the my_style.css file.
Why are not all files grouped
The most common reason is to connect CSS files via HTML code, instead of using the API method of your site management system.
Use the following code:
language-html
<link href="/css/my_style.css" rel="stylesheet`>
"`
instead of this:language-php
// For Bitrix
Asset::getInstance()->addCss(SITE_TEMPLATE_PATH . “/css/my_style.css”);
// For WordPress
wp_enqueue_style( ‘my-script-handle’, get_template_directory_uri() . ‘/css/my_style.css’, array(‘tmp’), ‘1.0’, true );
“`
Each system has several ways to connect CSS code. You need to use the one that suits the situation.
Below is an example of how grouping speeds up page loading:
<?php
if(isset($_GET['big'])) {
// Выводим сгруппированный, большой файл
header('Content-Type: text/css');
for($i = 0;$i < 100;$i++)
echo file_get_contents('10-kb-css.css');
die;
}
$mode = $_GET['mode'] ?? '';
?><!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
.btn {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 5px 10px;
border: 1px solid #000;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.btn:hover {
background-color: #ddd;
}
.btn.active {
background-color: #000;
color: #fff;
}
</style>
<script>
window.addEventListener("load", (event) => {
document.querySelector('#page-load').innerHTML = 'Страница загрузилась (событие window.onload) за <b>'+(performance.now()/1000)+'с</b>.';
});
</script>
</head>
<body style="font-family: sans-serif;">
Режим: <a class="btn <?=$mode === '' ? 'active' : ''?>" href="./css_count.php">100 файлов по 10 КБ</a> <a class="btn <?=$mode === 'big' ? 'active' : ''?>" href="./css_count.php?mode=big">1 файл размером 1 МБ</a>
<p id="page-load">Тут отобразится время загрузки страницы (вызова события window.onload)</p>
<?php
if($mode === 'big') {?>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./css_count.php?big=1"/>
<?php
} else {
for($i = 0; $i < 100;++$i) { ?>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=<?=microtime(true).'.'.$i?>"/>
<?php }
}?>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<style>
.btn {
color: #000;
text-decoration: none;
padding: 5px 10px;
border: 1px solid #000;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.btn:hover {
background-color: #ddd;
}
.btn.active {
background-color: #000;
color: #fff;
}
</style>
<script>
window.addEventListener("load", (event) => {
document.querySelector('#page-load').innerHTML = 'Страница загрузилась (событие window.onload) за <b>'+(performance.now()/1000)+'с</b>.';
});
</script>
</head>
<body style="font-family: sans-serif;">
Режим: <a class="btn active" href="./css_count.php">100 файлов по 10 КБ</a> <a class="btn " href="./css_count.php?mode=big">1 файл размером 1 МБ</a>
<p id="page-load">Тут отобразится время загрузки страницы (вызова события window.onload)</p>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9784.0"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9784.1"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9784.2"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9784.3"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9784.4"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9784.5"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.6"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.7"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.8"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.9"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.10"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.11"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.12"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.13"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.14"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.15"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.16"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.17"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.18"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.19"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.20"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.21"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.22"/>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.24"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.25"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.26"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.27"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.28"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.29"/>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="./10-kb-css.css?t=1770054982.9785.39"/>
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</body>
</html>